REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521794
This article is part of the Research TopicBiomarkers and Beyond: Predicting Course and Tailoring Treatment in Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesView all 4 articles
Pharmacogenomics of TNF inhibitors
Provisionally accepted
- Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi) are biologic drugs that target TNFα, a key proinflammatory cytokine, to suppress disease activity and alleviate symptoms of various autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. This review focuses on the five US FDA-approved TNFi including the monoclonal antibodies Infliximab, Adalimumab, Golimumab, Certolizumab pegol and the soluble TNFα receptor fusion protein Etanercept, with a brief mention of other available biosimilars to TNFi. The review aims to summarize the recent evidence on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenomics of TNFi with a particular focus on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) variants in terms of their genetic contribution to the response to TNFi. HLA variants have been linked to heterogeneity in the efficacy and safety of TNFi among patients. Building on the summarized evidence, the last part of the review discusses the potential clinical utility of testing for pharmacogenetic variants that are linked to the response to TNFi prior to the drug prescription, and it also addresses the future directions to achieve personalized treatment for TNFi users.
Keywords: pharmacogenomics, genetic variants, TNF inhibitors, human leukocyte antigen, Drug efficacy and safety
Received: 02 Nov 2024; Accepted: 30 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jan, El Assadi, Velayutham, Mifsud and Jithesh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Puthen Veettil Jithesh, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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