REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1547858
This article is part of the Research TopicInteractions Between Autophagy and Immune Response: Cell Communication and Disease ImplicationsView all 6 articles
Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Mechanisms and Treatments
Provisionally accepted
- 1Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- 2Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a frequently encountered critical emergency characterized by the rupturing of an unhealthy blood vessel, resulting in high mortality and disability rates. Alterations in the neurovascular unit (NVU) are closely related to the pathogenesis of SAH. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells in the brain, and astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, both play crucial roles in the response to SAH-associated cerebral injuries. Recently, the crosstalk between these two cells in the pathology and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including SAH, has been revealed. Following acute brain insult, activated microglia and astrocytes can further activate each other, contributing to amplified neuroinflammatory reactions and thus inducing secondary brain injury.This review addresses the pathophysiological mechanisms of microglia and astrocytes in SAH, including neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, vasospasm, and hematoma clearance. In addition, the newly identified therapeutic strategies against SAH by regulating astrocytes-microglia crosstalk through targeting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), immune mediators, and their receptors are also discussed. A thorough comprehension of microgliaastrocyte communication could provide novel ideas for future research and treatment of SAH.
Keywords: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, astrocyte, Microglia, Neuroinflammation, crosstalk
Received: 18 Dec 2024; Accepted: 21 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yu, Yu and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Wenhua Yu, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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