ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Systems Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563829
This article is part of the Research TopicMathematical Modeling in Discovery and Analysis of Immune ResponsesView all 7 articles
CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: insight from mathematical modeling
Provisionally accepted
- University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor characterized by high therapeutic resistance, poor survival outcomes, and significant treatment challenges. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapies -including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy -are emerging as promising alternatives to standard treatment. CAR-T cells are T-lymphocytes genetically engineered to target and destroy tumor cells, with remarkable success observed in treating hematological malignancies. However, translating these successes to solid tumors like glioblastoma remains a critical focus of ongoing research. In this study, we extend existing mathematical models to investigate the dynamics of glioblastoma treatment using CAR-T cells. We analyze treatment scenarios inspired by clinical trials targeting IL13Rα2, HER2, and EGFRvIII antigens, comparing single-dose and cyclic dosing regimens. Our models incorporate key biological phenomena, including tumor growth, CAR-T cell proliferation delays, and the emergence of resistance mechanisms. The results suggest that cyclic CAR-T cell administration is more effective than single-dose strategies. Moreover, the inclusion of resistance dynamics and treatment delays provides critical insights into relapse risks and factors influencing therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of CAR-T cell therapy in glioblastoma, offering valuable guidance for optimizing treatment protocols to improve patient outcomes.
Keywords: CAR-T cell therapy, Glioblastoma, Cyclic treatment, single-dose strategies, mathematical modeling, Numerical Simulations
Received: 20 Jan 2025; Accepted: 26 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Szafrańska-Łęczycka, Szymańska, Piotrowska, Bodnar and Foryś. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Magdalena Szafrańska-Łęczycka, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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