ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570948

Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide TM ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba
  • 2Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Akershus, Norway

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Sea lice are crustacean ectoparasites affecting Atlantic salmon production worldwide and impediments to industry growth. Chemical treatment has been the method of choice to control infestation with increasing resistance. Vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for sea lice control; however, obtaining high levels of lice reduction through active immunization has proven difficult. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of two sea lice vaccine prototypes under laboratory-controlled conditions. Therein, fish were vaccinated with two chimeric antigens, TT-P0 or P0-my32, using oil-adjuvanted vaccine formulations and a prime-boost vaccination protocol. Fish were experimentally challenged with copepodids at 2, 5, and 11 months post-prime vaccination. TT-P0 vaccinated fish had a significantly lower lice number at all three challenges, 88, 90, and 20%, respectively, compared to controls. The P0-my32 vaccine gave high protection at early time points post-vaccination, with 91 and 75.4% reduction at 3 and 6 months, respectively, fading off at 12 months (4.2% reduction vs. control). The TT-P0 group had a significantly lower lice number than controls at the 11-month challenge. A higher degree of protection coincided with higher circulating antibody levels against homologous antigens. This proof of concept study encourage the use of vaccination as a tool to reduce the lice burden in salmon, and preclinical and clinical testing at a large scale is needed to document the level of protection attained under field conditions.

Keywords: Chimeric antigens, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Prime-boost, Salmon, Vaccines

Received: 04 Feb 2025; Accepted: 30 Apr 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Rodríguez, Gadan, Perez Sanchez, Evensen, Estrada Garcia and Carpio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Yamila Carpio, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba

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