ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572238

Osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells reinforce polycaprolactone grafts

Provisionally accepted
Halldór  Bjarki EinarssonHalldór Bjarki Einarsson1Anders  Frisk MortensenAnders Frisk Mortensen2Morten  Schallburg NielsenMorten Schallburg Nielsen2Menglin  ChenMenglin Chen2Søren  Roesgaard NielsenSøren Roesgaard Nielsen2David Christian  Evar KraftDavid Christian Evar Kraft2Jonas  JensenJonas Jensen3Mette  BjerreMette Bjerre2Morten  Nørregaard AndersenMorten Nørregaard Andersen2Jens  Vinge NygaardJens Vinge Nygaard2Cody  Eric BüngerCody Eric Bünger3Thomas  Vorup-JensenThomas Vorup-Jensen2*
  • 1Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
  • 2Aarhus University, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
  • 3Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Successful application of advanced engineered materials in osteoplasty requires a biological understanding of the recipient reaction. The immune system acts like a double-edged sword by maintaining targeted tissue and rejecting grafts. Nevertheless, even for promising graft materials such as polycaprolactone, insights on contact with immune cells have been restricted due to lacking quantitative assays. Here, we show that polycaprolactone graft sites after cranioplasty are dominated by an immature type of multinucleated giant cells, probably derived from transmigrating peripheral monocytes. The cells interact with the polycaprolactone through extensive pseudopodia formation and localized polymer dissolution. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed osteoclast-like cells, derived in vitro from primary human monocytes, reinforce polycaprolactone by depositing a CD18 integrin-rich attachment matrix. Our findings give a new perspective on immune cells' beneficial and detrimental functions in graft lesions, guiding therapy with better graft designs.

Keywords: Polycaprolactone implants, monocyte, Multinucleated giant cells, Integrins, Dynamic mechanical analysis

Received: 06 Feb 2025; Accepted: 01 May 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Einarsson, Mortensen, Nielsen, Chen, Nielsen, Kraft, Jensen, Bjerre, Andersen, Nygaard, Bünger and Vorup-Jensen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Thomas Vorup-Jensen, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Central Denmark Region, Denmark

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