Bile acid receptors regulate the role of intestinal macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease

hongjie yangKai Yin^*

• Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

Many factors, including genetic vulnerability, barrier function, intestinal immune cells, and intestinal microbiota, may combine to affect the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Through targeting bile acid receptors (BARs), bile acids have been demonstrated to have a range of regulatory effects on intestinal immune responses in recent decades. As the basis of intestinal immunity, macrophages play an indispensable role in intestinal homeostasis. BARs connect the intestinal microbiota with immune cells, significantly impacting IBD. This review focuses on the role of bile acids in regulating the differentiation and function of intestinal macrophages in IBD. Keywords:bile acids receptors,bile acid synthesis,bile acid metabolism, macrophage polarization,IBDAlthough it has long been thought that intestinal microecological abnormalities are connected to several intestinal diseases, including IBD, it is still unclear how the host and intestinal microbiome interact. One significant mechanism of interaction between the microbiome and the host is the production of small molecules by the intermediate or final products of microbial metabolism. As an important component of the metabolism of the intestinal microbiota, bile acids are also signaling molecules that participate in regulating various physiological processes through bile acid receptors (BARs) 1 . They have been found to have functions of regulating energy metabolism, inflammatory responses, and immune regulation in metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and tumors 2 . Bile acids can be involved in the progression of IBD by participating in the regulation of macrophage recruitment, maturation, polarization and function [3][4][5][6] . As an important factor connecting the intestinal microbiota and intestinal immune cells, it has become a therapeutic target for exploring new therapies for IBD [7][8][9] . Therefore, we reviewed the metabolic process of bile acids and their role in nutrient absorption, analyzed their regulatory mechanism on macrophages and their role in IBD, and summarized some drug treatment methods for IBD.Bile acids, the primary metabolites of cholesterol, are synthesized at a rate of