REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579360
PANoptosis in Neurological Disorders: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Potential
Provisionally accepted
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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PANoptosis is a unique form of programmed cell death (PCD) that has the combined main features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, but cannot be fully explained by any single pathway alone. Among all the influencing factors in PANoptosis, the activation and assembly of PANoptosomes are the most critical. To date, four distinct PANoptosomes have been identified: Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 12 (NLRP12) PANoptosomes. Currently, PANoptosis is a promising target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders treatment. Understanding its mechanisms will facilitate its therapeutic application. This review introduces the concept of PANoptosis, its detection methods, the molecular composition and regulation of PANoptosomes, and the role of ninjurin 1 (NINJ1), a new "executor" in PANoptosis. In addition, recent therapeutic advances targeting PANoptosis in CNS diseases were also discussed. Future research on inhibiting PANoptosis, the dynamic regulatory relationships among three death pathways, and the interactions with NINJ1 will offer new clinical insights.
Keywords: PANoptosis, PANoptosome, Ninj1, Central nervous system disorders, Inflammation
Received: 19 Feb 2025; Accepted: 29 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lee and Qu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: yi Qu Qu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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