REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1584450
This article is part of the Research TopicOsteocytes in Bone Health and BeyondView all 3 articles
Osteosarcoma Immune Microenvironment: Cellular Struggle and Novel Therapeutic Insights
Provisionally accepted
- Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Recent advances in immunotherapy have shown remarkable success across multiple solid tumor types, revitalizing interest in immune-modulating strategies for osteosarcoma (OS). Within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cells exhibit dual regulatory roles-exerting critical regulatory influences on both tumorigenesis and disease progression while simultaneously serving as therapeutic targets. Particularly in OS, the dynamic interplay between malignant cells and the unique bone microenvironment manifests through intricate immune cell-mediated crosstalk. This comprehensive review analyzes the paradoxical roles of immune cell subsets in OS pathophysiology, detailing their tumor-promoting versus tumorsuppressing functions. Furthermore, we systematically evaluate recent progress in immune cell-targeted therapeutic approaches, including adoptive cell therapies and macrophage reprogramming strategies. The review encompasses current clinical applications and emerging preclinical innovations, providing valuable insights for optimizing immunotherapeutic approaches in OS management.
Keywords: immune cell, Tumor Microenvironment, Osteosarcoma, Tumor-associated macrophages, Immunotherapy
Received: 27 Feb 2025; Accepted: 13 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Jiang, Lv, Feng, Yu and Zhao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Wei Feng, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Yan Yu, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Heping Zhao, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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