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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. B Cell Biology

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593338

B Cell Development: Transcriptional Regulation and Immunological Mechanisms in Homeostasis

Provisionally accepted
Jorge Gómez ManríquezJorge Gómez Manríquez1Jorge Hernández-BelloJorge Hernández-Bello1,2José Francisco Muñoz-ValleJosé Francisco Muñoz-Valle1,2Sonia Sifuentes-FrancoSonia Sifuentes-Franco1,3Omar Graciano-MachucaOmar Graciano-Machuca1,3José Javier Morales NúñezJosé Javier Morales Núñez1,2,3*
  • 1University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
  • 2University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
  • 3University Center of the Valleys, University of Guadalajara, Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico

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B lymphocytes are essential elements of the adaptive immune response, performing critical functions such as antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production. Their development follows a tightly regulated progression from hematopoietic stem cells to differentiated plasma or memory cells, orchestrated by key transcriptional factors including PU.1, Ikaros, E2A, Pax-5, and BCL6. These factors govern gene expression essential for processes such as V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and immunoglobulin class switching—ensuring proper lineage commitment and the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Dysregulation of these pathways, whether through genetic or epigenetic alterations or chronic inflammatory stimuli, can result in autoimmunity, persistent inflammation, or B cell malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and immunological mechanisms underlying B cell development and homeostasis, emphasizing their roles in disease pathophysiology and potential as therapeutic targets.

Keywords: B lymphocyte, development, transcriptional factors, tolerance, Immunoglobulins

Received: 13 Mar 2025; Accepted: 21 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Gómez Manríquez, Hernández-Bello, Muñoz-Valle, Sifuentes-Franco, Graciano-Machuca and Morales Núñez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: José Javier Morales Núñez, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material