Biomimetics and immuno-informed biomaterials: A functional role in immune response and In-vivo reprogramming

Santanu Kaity¹Dr. Manjari Singh²Prem Kumar Govindappa³Manash K. Paul⁴Subhadeep Roy^5*

• ¹National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
• ²Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
• ³University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
• ⁴Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
• ⁵Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India

Research suggests that reducing surface roughness to 4 μm can improve immune response, wound healing, and reduce fibrosis. Examining the specific proteins that bind to textured implant surfaces to better understand their roles as potential mediators in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. Analysing the implant capsule composition, specifically the expression of intracapsular Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60), to better understand the complex interactions between stress responses and immune activation that determine long-term tissue outcomes. The aims are based on a study of ten patients, with an emphasis on intra-and inter-individual assessments to provide comprehensive insights into the relationship between SMI surface features and host immune responses.Interplay between Natural Biomaterials and the Host Immune System". The author seeks to investigate the complex interactions between natural biomaterials and the immune system in order to improve the design and effectiveness of medical implants and devices. The key objectives include: Investigating the methods by which the immune system identifies native biomaterials as foreign molecules, activating immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells.Analysing the sequence of events following immunological activation, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and determining whether these responses are beneficial or damaging depending on the type of biomaterial and the degree of the immune reaction. Investigating the effect of specific biomaterial surface properties, such as charge and hydrophobicity, on immune cell activity, notably activation and differentiation. Creating and developing biomaterials that contain immunomodulatory chemicals, such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, in order to foster a tolerogenic environment and reduce the likelihood of rejection.Using knowledge gained from the interaction of biomaterials and the immune system to create medical devices and implants that increase positive immune responses, hence improving therapeutic outcomes and decreasing negative reactions. Sumanta Ghosh et al. published a research study titled "Piezoelectric-based bioactive zinc oxidecellulose acetate electrospun mats for efficient wound healing: an in vitro insight". The author proposes to develop and test a bioactive wound dressing that actively participates in the healing process using piezoelectric properties. The key objectives include: Fabricating electrospun nanofibrous mats from cellulose acetate (CA) loaded with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to take advantage of piezoelectric capabilities for wound healing. The structural and functional characteristics of the produced mats were evaluated using methodologies such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), mechanical testing, degradation analysis, porosity measurement, haemolysis assay, and piezoelectric d33 coefficient measurement. Investigating the effect of incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into CA fibres on the piezoelectric coefficient of nanofibrous mats. Performing cell culture experiments to investigate cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration on nanofibrous mats, in order to assess their ability to improve wound healing.Verifying that ZnO-infused CA nanofibrous mats may greatly improve wound healing, making them a feasible therapeutic treatment alternative.Focused research on biomimetic materials can address complex tissue engineering, in-vivo reprogramming, and bioactive delivery needs by manipulating the body defence system. This thematic issue reviews and publishes cutting-edge research on biomimetic and immunoinformed biomaterials for immune-response regulation and in-vivo reprogramming. This article collection shows the significant advancement in this biomedical research segment and its future prospects. This subject topic should encourage researchers in this section to develop novel biomaterials that can improve human health and quality of life.