CASE REPORT article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Alloimmunity and Transplantation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1598754
This article is part of the Research TopicImmunological Advancements in Hematological Therapies: Exploring HSCT and CAR-T IntegrationView all 4 articles
Combined umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with donor lymphocyte infusion for R/R AML post CAR-CLL1 failure
Provisionally accepted
- 1Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- 2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Chongqing, China
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Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) carries an extremely poor prognosis, particularly in patients who fail chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, with no effective treatment options currently available. We report a 35-yearold male with AML who experienced relapse after multiple lines of high-intensity chemotherapy. Salvage CAR-CLL1 therapy was administered, but the patient failed to achieve hematopoietic recovery or immune reconstitution, followed by rapid disease relapse within one month and progression to septic shock. At this critical juncture, conventional therapies proved insufficient. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) includes peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and umbilical cord blood (UCB). The patient underwent combined UCB and PBSCT with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). He has since achieved sustained remission, though developed cutaneous and intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is currently under control. This case highlights that combined UCB and PBSCT with DLI may represent a potential therapeutic option for R/R AML following CAR-T therapy failure, warranting further investigation in similar high-risk scenarios.
Keywords: umbilical cord blood, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Donor lymphocyte infusion, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, CAR-CLL1
Received: 23 Mar 2025; Accepted: 19 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Fanqiao, Liu and Zeng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Dongfeng Zeng, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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