REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1604989
This article is part of the Research TopicImmune-Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Cancer ImmunotherapyView all 16 articles
The Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition on Atherosclerosis in Cancer Patients
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- 2Changchun vocational college of health, Changchun, China
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The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided a new perspective for cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improve the survival prognosis of patients with various advanced cancers by inhibiting immune checkpoint molecules, thereby releasing the suppression of T cells by tumor microenvironment, such as cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, while effective, gives rise to distinct immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cardiovascular toxicities, necessitating focused research efforts to better understand and address these specific complications. The myocarditis-associated toxicity has been extensively studied. This article reviews the latest clinical and preclinical literature on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of ICI-related atherosclerosis, explores the pathophysiological mechanisms by which ICIs promote atherosclerosis, and discusses risk assessment, identification and monitoring methods, and intervention strategies for ICI treatment related atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tumor immunity, Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (AVEs), Immune cells and the signaling pathways
Received: 02 Apr 2025; Accepted: 11 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Han, Wang, Tian and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shanshan Zhou, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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