BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Alloimmunity and Transplantation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1607926
Successful third haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after two graft failures in a pediatric patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report with five-year follow-up
Provisionally accepted
Xuewei Li1,2
Wenhui Zhang1,2Saisai Li1,2Xiaolin Ma1,2Xue Shi1,2
Wei Wang1,2Kuan Qiu2,3Yanxia Zhao2,4*Chunting Zhao1,2*
Xiaodan Liu1,2*- 1Department of Hematology, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- 2Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- 3The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- 4Children's Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a potentially curative option for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). However, graft failure (GF) remains a life-threatening complication following HSCT. Haploidentical HSCT may serve as an effective salvage therapy for the treatment of GF.Case presentation: This report describes a 3-year-old girl with acquired SAA who experienced GF twice following matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantations.Successful engraftment was ultimately achieved through a third haploidentical donor HSCT. This work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Declaration of Istanbul.Conclusions: Based on our experience with this case, we conclude that a third HSCT with a haploidentical donor represents a viable approach to extending survival.
Keywords: Severe aplastic anemia, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Graft failure, immune response, conditioning regimens
Received: 08 Apr 2025; Accepted: 04 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zhang, Li, Ma, Shi, Wang, Qiu, Zhao, Zhao and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yanxia Zhao, Children's Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
Chunting Zhao, Department of Hematology, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
Xiaodan Liu, Department of Hematology, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
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