REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Systems Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1610345
This article is part of the Research TopicAI-Driven Advances in Immunology and Immune-Mediated DisordersView all 3 articles
AI-based Hardware and Software Tools in Microscopy to Boost Research in Immunology and Virology
Provisionally accepted
- 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- 2Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- 3Crick Advanced Light Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
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The integration of computational advances in microscopy has enhanced our ability to visualise immunological events at scales. However, data generated with these techniques is often complex, multi-dimensional, and multi-modal. Data science and artificial intelligence (AI) play a key role in untangling the wealth of information hidden in microscopy data by enhancing image processing, automating image analysis, and assisting in interpreting the results. With this Review, we aim to inform the reader about the advances in the fields of fluorescence and electron microscopy with a focus on their applications to immunology and virology, and the AI approaches to aid image acquisition, analysis, and data interpretation. We also outline the open-source tools for image acquisition and analysis and how these tools can be programmed for an image-informed, AI-assisted acquisition.
Keywords: Microscopy, immunology, Virology, machine learning, deep learning, image analysis, feedback microscopy, smart microscopy
Received: 11 Apr 2025; Accepted: 13 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Morone and D'Antuono. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Diego Morone, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
Rocco D'Antuono, Crick Advanced Light Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.