MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616217
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Uterus Immune Microenvironment Features in Physiological and Pathological ConditionsView all 3 articles
Inflammatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Endometritis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- 2Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammatory disorder of the endometrium, associated with infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and implantation failure. Diagnosis primarily depends on hysteroscopy and immunohistochemistry, while microbial dysbiosis and antibiotic resistance pose significant challenges to effective management. The pathogenesis of CE involves microbial infections that induce immune dysregulation through TLR/NLR signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, miRNA-mediated inflammatory responses, and DNA methylation alterations. The activation of pro-inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome further aggravates endometrial dysfunction. Treatment typically includes oral antibiotics and intrauterine therapies, although their efficacy is variable. Probiotics have demonstrated potential in restoring microbial balance. This review outlines the inflammatory mechanisms underlying CE and recent therapeutic advancements, highlighting potential targets for improving treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Chronic endometritis, endometrial microbiome, TLR/NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, DNA Methylation, antibiotic resistance
Received: 22 Apr 2025; Accepted: 20 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yan, Jiao and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jiao Jiao, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
Xiuxia Wang, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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