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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616837

This article is part of the Research TopicANCA associated vasculitis treatment: outcomes and complicationsView all 5 articles

Biomarkers in ANCA associated vasculitis: clinical utility, pitfalls and their role in the outcomes assessment

Provisionally accepted
Chiara MarvisiChiara Marvisi1Caterina RicordiCaterina Ricordi1CECILIA CATELLANICECILIA CATELLANI2Stefania CrociStefania Croci2Francesco MuratoreFrancesco Muratore1Carlo SalvaraniCarlo Salvarani1*
  • 1Rheumatology Unit, S. Maria Nuova Hospital, IRCCS Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
  • 2Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia,, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare autoimmune diseases with multisystemic organ involvement. Their pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and reliable biomarkers for disease activity and treatment response are lacking. This review explores current and emerging biomarkers in AAVs to identify disease phenotypes and activity, aiming to optimize management and immunosuppressive treatment. Serological, cellular, and urinary biomarkers will be discussed, focusing on their current utility in clinical practice for assessing disease activity, damage related to the disease, and prognosis. Promising biomarkers and novel methodologies for detecting future biomarkers will also be briefly discussed.

Keywords: biomarkers, ANCA, Vasculitis, disease activity, Outcome

Received: 23 Apr 2025; Accepted: 04 Sep 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Marvisi, Ricordi, CATELLANI, Croci, Muratore and Salvarani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Carlo Salvarani, Rheumatology Unit, S. Maria Nuova Hospital, IRCCS Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material