ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1619194
This article is part of the Research TopicImmune Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology: Refining the Immunological Landscape of CancerView all 37 articles
Mendelian randomization combined with single-cell sequencing analysis revealed prognostic genes related to myeloid cell differentiation in prostate cancer and experimental verification
Provisionally accepted
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Background: Myeloid cell differentiation (MCD) has an important correlation with prostate cancer (PCa), but the mechanism of action of the former in the latter is still under investigation. This study designed to investigate the prognostic genes related to MCD in PCa and the associated mechanisms.The related data were downloaded from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with MCD related genes (MCDRGs) to acquire candidate genes. Candidate prognostic genes with a causal relationship to PCa were further obtained through Mendelian randomization (MR). Prognostic genes were acquired by univariate Cox regression analysis and machine learning algorithm. Then, the risk model was built based on prognostic genes. Immune infiltration, nomogram model, and drug sensitivity were employed to investigate the roles of prognostic genes in PCa. The manifestation of prognostic genes in key cells was also investigated by single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Finally, the manifestation of prognostic genes were authenticated by in vitro experiments.The 23 candidate prognostic genes had a causal relationship with PCa. The 5 prognostic genes (NR3C1, BMP2, RACGAP1, TLR3, FASN) were identified. The risk models suggested that high risk group (HRG)'s survival rate was inferior to that of low risk group (LRG). The nomogram indicated that prognostic genes could effectively predict the survival status of PCa patients. There were 18 immune cells that suggested notable differences between the HRG and the LRG. The HRG and LRG suggested notable differences in sensitivity to 86 drugs such as AZD8186.Epithelial cells were considered as key cells. Only FASN was consistently active during critical cell differentiation. The in vitro results were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis, indicating that the analysis results were reliable.This study identified 5 prognostic genes and a risk model, suggesting a fresh thought on the the subsequent development of PCa related drugs.
Keywords: prostate cancer, Myeloid cell differentiation, Prognostic genes, Mendelian randomization, single-cell sequencing analysis, experimental verification
Received: 27 Apr 2025; Accepted: 21 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Qiu, Zhang, Nie, Gao, Xu, Kang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zhiming Zhang, Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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