REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Immunological Tolerance and Regulation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1625701
This article is part of the Research TopicInnate and Adaptive Immunity of Normal and Adverse PregnancyView all 7 articles
Gaps in Maternal-Fetal Interface Rejection Response: Chronic Histiocytic intervillositis
Provisionally accepted
- Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
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Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis (CHI) is a severe placental inflammatory response caused by various atypical antigens, attracting attention due to its high recurrence rate, which results in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction. The pathogenesis of CHI is still poorly understood. Immune factors such as autoimmune diseases or viral infections, maternal-fetal genetic compatibility, and other factors cause immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface. Disorders of immune tolerance in CHI includes abnormal activity of Cytotrophoblasts, mononuclear macrophages, and CD8+/CD4+ T lymphocytes. Additionally, pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory molecules like IL-10, TGF-β, and fibrin are crucial in regulating the pathological formation of CHI. Histopathological sections and staining, serological screening, and medical imaging techniques are the primary methods for diagnosing CHI. Patients with CHI may benefit from treatments including immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, and monoclonal antibodies.
Keywords: CHI, placental inflammation, macrophage, maternal-fetal interface, Alloantigen
Received: 12 May 2025; Accepted: 05 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Fang and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xietong Wang, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
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