In the published article, there was a typographical error in the legend of Table 2. “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC” were mistakenly written as “Vit D 50000” and “Vit D 50000 + NAC”. The correct terms are “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC”. The corrected legend appears below.
“aP<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000
bP<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC
cP<0.05; Vit D 5000 in compare Vit D 1000 + NAC
dP<0.05; Vit D 1000 + NAC in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC”
In the published article, there was a typographical error in the first row of Tables 1 and 2. “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC” were mistakenly written as “Vit D 50000” and “Vit D 50000 + NAC”. The correct terms are “Vit D 5000” and “Vit D 5000 + NAC”. The corrected versions of Table 1 and Table 2, along with their captions “Table 1. Baseline characteristics at enrollment, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.
Table 1
| Characteristic∗ | Vit D 1000 (n= 22) | Vit D 5000 (n= 22) | Vit D 1000 + NAC (n= 22) | Vit D 5000 + NAC (n= 22) | P value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 69.5 ± 2.9 | 68.7 ± 4.0 | 70.3 ± 4.9 | 68.8 ± 4.6 | 0.561 |
| Sex, no. (%) | |||||
| Male | 9 (40.9) | 10 (45.5) | 14 (63.6) | 7 (31.8) | 0.811 |
| Female | 13 (59.1) | 12 (54.5) | 8 (36.4) | 15 (68.2) | |
| Education, no. (%) | 0.475 | ||||
| Primary school | 4 (18.2) | 3 (13.6) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (9.1) | |
| Secondary school | 10 (45.5) | 11 (50.0) | 11 (50.0) | 15 (68.2) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 8 (36.4) | 8 (36.4) | 6 (27.3) | 3 (13.6) | |
| Master’s/doctoral degree | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | |
| Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 20.5 ± 4.0 | 19.3 ± 4.6 | 19.7 ± 4.9 | 18.9 ± 4.5 | 0.693 |
| Time spent outdoors, min/d | 61.8 ± 23.5 | 62.5 ± 22.2 | 58.7 ± 19.6 | 70.2 ± 19.3 | 0.322 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 ± 1.8 | 27.1 ± 1.7 | 27.9 ± 2.0 | 26.9 ± 1.5 | 0.205 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 91.7 ± 8.2 | 94.0 ± 9.5 | 93.9 ± 9.4 | 93.8 ± 6.3 | 0.783 |
| Physical activity (RAPA score) | 3.73 ± 0.985 | 3.86 ± 1.167 | 3.91 ± 0.971 | 3.95 ± 1.133 | 0.906 |
| Dietary intakes | |||||
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 2051 ± 359 | 1902 ± 253 | 1935 ± 277 | 1948 ± 291 | 0.382 |
| Carbohydrates, g/d | 280 ± 53 | 257 ± 44 | 254 ± 41 | 262 ± 47 | 0.259 |
| Protein, g/d | 70 ± 14 | 64 ± 10 | 69 ± 12 | 67 ± 11 | 0.937 |
| Fat, g/d | 79 ± 18 | 77 ± 15 | 79 ± 14 | 80 ± 18 | 0.341 |
| PUFA, g/d | 23.0 ± 7.8 | 22.0 ± 4.8 | 21.5 ± 7.0 | 19.8 ± 6.8 | 0.468 |
| MUFA, g/d | 24.0 ± 6.0 | 20.7 ± 5.3 | 23.7 ± 8.1 | 23.2 ± 6.8 | 0.368 |
| Fiber, g/d | 13.8 ± 5.2 | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 13.7 ± 4.6 | 14.0 ± 5.5 | 0.813 |
| Zinc, mg/d | 7.9 ± 2.5 | 8.5 ± 2.4 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 8.2 ± 1.8 | 0.427 |
| Vitamin E, mg/d | 17.3 ± 8.0 | 16.6 ± 9.7 | 18.6 ± 9.7 | 13.8 ± 6.7 | 0.306 |
| Vitamin A, μg/d | 1126 ± 762 | 678 ± 570 | 710 ± 589 | 897 ± 825 | 0.130 |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 155 ± 75 | 162 ± 56 | 154 ± 66 | 188 ± 79 | 0.332 |
| Vitamin D, μg/d | 0.056 ± 0.264 | 0.356 ± 0.693 | 0.311 ± 0.614 | 0.473 ± 0.611 | 0.140 |
| Selenium, μg/d | 0.126 ± 0.027 | 0.127 ± 0.028 | 0.128 ± 0.030 | 0.118 ± 0.027 | 0.635 |
| Beta-carotene, μg/d | 815 ± 794 | 417 ± 628 | 389 ± 595 | 413 ± 742 | 0.134 |
Baseline characteristics at enrollment, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.
*Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.
**Using ANOVA or Chi-square, as appropriate.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Table 2
| Vit D 1000 (n= 22) | Vit D 5000 (n= 22) | Vit D 1000 + NAC (n= 22) | Vit D 5000 + NAC (n= 22) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL | |||||
| Baseline | 20.5 ± 4.0 | 19.3 ± 4.6 | 19.7 ± 4.9 | 18.9 ± 4.5 | 0.693* |
| Week 8 | 27.1 ± 4.3 | 44.6 ± 7.4 | 25.6 ± 4.3 | 44.9 ± 10.0 | <0.001**a,b,c,d |
| Changes *** | 6.6 ± 3.4 | 25.3 ± 5.2 | 5.9 ± 5.8 | 26.0 ± 9.1 | <0.001**a,b,c,d |
| Serum IL-6, pg/mL | |||||
| Baseline | 83.5 ± 69.1 | 93.3 ± 62.9 | 96.6 ± 85.4 | 81.4 ± 48.0 | 0.852* |
| Week 8 | 43.5 ± 55.1 | 40.7 ± 59.1 | 46.3 ± 104.9 | 27.1 ± 42.5 | 0.852** |
| Changes *** | -40.0 ± 77.6 | -52.7 ± 86.0 | -50.3 ± 105.7 | -54.4 ± 62.2 | 0.852** |
| Serum CRP, mg/L | |||||
| Baseline | 5.69 ± 2.10 | 6.26 ± 1.87 | 6.26 ± 1.87 | 6.13 ± 1.46 | 0.749* |
| Week 8 | 4.78 ± 1.46 | 4.45 ± 0.98 | 4.45 ± 0.98 | 4.58 ± 1.46 | 0.380** |
| Changes *** | -0.91 ± 1.61 | -1.81 ± 1.72 | -1.54 ± 2.15 | -1.82 ± 1.58 | 0.380** |
| NLR | |||||
| Baseline | 1.89 ± 0.77 | 1.73 ± 0.47 | 2.06 ± 0.74 | 1.99 ± 0.67 | 0.404* |
| Week 8 | 1.61 ± 0.67 | 1.42 ± 0.27 | 1.53 ± 0.37 | 1.46 ± 0.44 | 0.423** |
| Changes *** | -0.28 ± 0.76 | -0.31 ± 0.32 | -0.53 ± 0.60 | -0.52 ± 0.51 | 0.423** |
| SA-β-gal activity (green area ratio%) | |||||
| Baseline | 3.02 ± 1.75 | 3.30 ± 2.03 | 3.03 ± 1.98 | 4.20 ± 2.18 | 0.171* |
| Week 8 | 2.40 ± 1.46 | 1.60 ± 1.32 | 2.01 ± 1.33 | 1.68 ± 1.31 | 0.001**a,b |
| Changes *** | -0.62 ± 1.32 | -1.70 ± 1.59 | -1.02 ± 1.58 | -2.52 ± 1.52 | 0.001**a,b |
Serum concentrations of vitamin D, immune system markers and inflammatory factors at baseline and the eighth week, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups.
Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.
*Based on ANOVA.
**Based on ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values and age.
***Changes reflect week 8 – baseline values.
P<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000.
P<0.05; Vit D 1000 in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC.
P<0.05; Vit D 5000 in compare Vit D 1000 + NAC.
P<0.05; Vit D 1000 + NAC in compare Vit D 5000 + NAC.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
Table 2. Serum concentrations of Vitamin D, immune system markers and inflammatory factors at baseline and the eighth week, according to randomized assignment to intervention groups” appear below.
The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Statements
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Summary
Keywords
immune function, geroscience, cellular senescence, nutrition, aging
Citation
Rastgoo S, Pourvali K, Raeissadat SA, Eslamian G and Zand H (2025) Corrigendum: Co-administration of vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine to modulate immunosenescence in older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Front. Immunol. 16:1627178. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1627178
Received
12 May 2025
Accepted
16 May 2025
Published
29 May 2025
Volume
16 - 2025
Edited and reviewed by
Honglin Dong, City University of London, United Kingdom
Updates
Copyright
© 2025 Rastgoo, Pourvali, Raeissadat, Eslamian and Zand.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Hamid Zand, Hamid_zand@sbmu.ac.ir; hamidzand@gmail.com
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.