ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1629473
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike antibody responses in cancer patients following multiple COVID-19 vaccination boosters
Provisionally accepted
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick (NIH), Frederick, United States
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Individuals with cancer have higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, hospitalization and death compared to healthy individuals. Understanding the immune response to different doses of COVID-19 vaccines in this population is essential to inform vaccine recommendations. This study aimed to compare the post-vaccination humoral immune response of people with cancer versus healthy participants via assessment of anti-spike IgG antibody levels and avidity 1 month and 6 months post-last vaccination. In general, individuals with hematological cancers showed significantly lower antibody levels and avidity across two-, three- and four-doses compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, individuals with hematological cancers who received two doses of vaccine exhibited a significantly slower avidity development at both time points compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, individuals with solid cancers exhibited similar antibody levels and avidity compared to healthy participants. Factors including age, sex and vaccine received also influenced immune responses. These findings suggest the need for customized vaccination strategies for vulnerable populations.
Keywords: COVID-19, Serology, avidity, mRNA vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 95%CI, 290-1869 versus 95%CI, 2110-3570, 95%CI
Received: 15 May 2025; Accepted: 14 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xue, Kemp, North, Roche, Hickey and Pinto. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ligia A Pinto, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick (NIH), Frederick, United States
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