TCR repertoire of human cytotoxic CD4 T cells responding to betaherpesviruses HHV-6B and HCMV

Aniuska Becerra-Artiles¹Grant C Weaver¹Peter O Oluoch²Lawrence J Stern^2*

• ¹UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, United States
• ²University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States

Background: The role of CD4 T cells in control of viral infections beyond their traditional helper activity has been increasingly recognized and CD4 T cells with cytotoxic capacity have been reported for the nearly ubiquitous betaherpesviruses HCMV and HHV-6B. Objective: We sought to investigate the functional landscape of cytotoxic CD4 T cells responding to HHV-6B and HCMV epitopes presented by DRB1*03:01 and to identify public TCRs (i.e. shared by multiple subjects). Approach: We tetramer-sorted epitope-specific CD4 T cells from healthy donors and performed RNA and TCR sequencing to assess the functional profiles and identify TCR clonotypes. We evaluated the publicity of the repertoire, and tested the functionality, epitope specificity, and sensitivity of selected public clonotypes. Results: Differential gene expression analysis comparing T cells expanded with HHV-6B and HCMV epitopes showed differences in their functional profiles, with the HCMV expanded T cells displaying a more robust cytotoxic gene expression signature. Tens to hundreds of TCR clonotypes responding to HHV-6B or HCMV were identified in each subject. The TCR repertoires were dominated by private clonotypes in all subjects, but 3 public TCRα/β, along with 41 public TCRα and TCRβ clonotypes were identified. Some of these clonotypes and closely related variants were found in a substantial fraction of DRB1*03:01 subjects in datasets of total peripheral blood TCR repertoires. TCRs associated with two HHV-6B epitopes (U11.306-323 and U85.88-104) and one HCMV epitope (pp65.509-523) were cloned for validation and biochemical characterization. Using an in vitro activation assay, the epitope specificity was confirmed for each selected TCRα/β, with half-maximal activation observed at 5-50 nM peptide concentration. With one exception, all TCRs bound tightly to the corresponding pMHC tetramer. Finally, minimal peptide mapping combined with structural modeling of pMHC complexes identified potential sites of TCR interaction.