ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1632690
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in Autoimmune Encephalitis: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic ApproachesView all 9 articles
Association of systemic inflammatory factors with clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis at different clinical stages
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- 2Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, hangzhou, China
- 3University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
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Objective: Our study aimed to explore the association of systemic inflammatory factors in relations to disease severity of the cell surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) across various stages.We retrospectively analyzed patients with AE from two hospitals between October 2016 and December 2023. Systemic inflammatory factors were measured at admission and discharge. Disease severity and prognosis were assessed using the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE), and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors.Results: A total 83 patients were enrolled. The CASE score and the modified Rankin Scale score were positively correlated at admission, discharge and follow-up (r=0.937, P < 0.001; r=0.910, P < 0.001; r=0.972, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) at admission (OR = 27.617, 95% CI: 1.060-719.699, P = 0.046) and an elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) at discharge (OR = 11.373, 95% CI: 1.166-110.893, P = 0.036) were independent risk factors for severe disease at admission and discharge, respectively. Additionally, a high neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) at either admission (OR = 10.384, 95% CI: 2.036-52.958, P = 0.005) or discharge (OR = 5.714, 95% CI: 1.189-27.455, P = 0.036) was associated with poor prognosis.Conclusions: SII and PLR were associated with disease severity, while NPR was a consistent predictor of poor long-term outcomes. These findings highlight the value of systemic inflammatory factors in monitoring disease progression and guiding treatment decisions in patients with AE mediated by cell surface antibody.
Keywords: autoimmune encephalitis, systemic inflammatory factors, the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis, Disease Severity, prognosis
Received: 21 May 2025; Accepted: 22 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jin, Duan, Wu, Hu, Wu, Zhang, Wu and Aung. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Huadong Wu, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, hangzhou, China
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