REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Systems Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1643418
This article is part of the Research TopicCrosstalk: Skin Cells and Immune Cells in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Volume 2View all 7 articles
Skin Immune Microenvironment in Psoriasis: From Bench to Bedside
Provisionally accepted
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population, manifests in distinct forms including plaque, pustular, and erythrodermic types. The pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, epigenetic modifications, and environmental triggers that disrupt immune homeostasis, particularly within the skin's epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME). This review examines the fundamental mechanisms of psoriasis from a 'bench' perspective, encompassing genetic triggers, immune cell contributions, cytokine cascades, and insights derived from multi-omics studies. It also incorporates emerging areas such as gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuro-immunological influences. Translational research linking these discoveries to clinical application is discussed, covering biomarker identification, comorbidity management, and the advancement of novel therapies. At the 'bedside', we evaluate current conventional treatments, targeted biologic agents (e.g., TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 inhibitors), and emerging modalities including JAK inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, and stem cell therapies. Challenges pertaining to efficacy, safety, and personalized medicine are addressed, alongside future directions emphasizing multi-omics integration and holistic immune targeting. Highlighting the critical role of the immune microenvironment, this narrative review underscores the translational progress driving towards improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: Psoriasis, immune microenvironment, Pathogenesis, Cytokines, biologics, Translational research, Gut Microbiota, neuroimmunology
Received: 08 Jun 2025; Accepted: 12 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yao, Chen, Lv, Tang, Shen, Sun and Zhong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Hui Sun, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
Hua-Jie Zhong, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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