REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1643855
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovative Adjuvant Strategies: Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy Through Transdisciplinary ApproachesView all 9 articles
Harnessing Cytokines: Innovative Adjuvants for Improved Veterinary Vaccine Efficacy
Provisionally accepted- 1Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- 2Qingdao Yebio Biotechnology Co., Ltd., ShanDong, China
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Vaccination is one of the most effective methods for controlling animal infectious diseases, and the use of adjuvants plays crucial role in enhancing the immune efficacy of vaccines, particularly in inactivated and subunit vaccines. With the continuous advancement of research in animal immunology and immune mechanisms, our understanding of the functions of cells and cytokines in immune responses has become increasingly comprehensive, laying a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines and adjuvants. Cytokines are a class of proteins secreted by the animal body that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses through interaction with specific receptors. To date, numerous studies have investigated the potential of using cytokines as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of veterinary vaccines. This review focuses on cytokines as veterinary vaccine adjuvants, with special attention to the current research progress and mechanisms of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and colony-stimulating factors. Additionally, examples of the application of cytokine-based adjuvants in combination with veterinary vaccines will be discussed to provide further insights and references for the development of cytokine-based veterinary adjuvants.
Keywords: Cytokines, Veterinary vaccine, vaccine adjuvant, Immune enhancement, Vaccination
Received: 09 Jun 2025; Accepted: 02 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yan, Chen, Wei, Liu, Zhang, Hu, Chu, Diao, Liu and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shihong Yan, shihongyan0106@163.com
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