REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1645610
Review on Advanced Research of Swine Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae Vaccine Development Strategy
Provisionally accepted
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) infection is a major respiratory disease causing severe economic losses. It's highly infectious with multiple serotype characteristics, making prevention and control difficult. The review discusses the new generation vaccine development strategy and the role of virulence factors such as App toxins, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in vaccine design. Traditional vaccines offer limited cross-protection, while live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and toxin-based vaccines show promising improvements in efficacy and safety. In the current and near-future sub-unit vaccines, toxin vaccines mainly focused on conserved antigens incorporating App toxins, OMPs ApfA, and GALT significantly enhance the cross-protection capacity and safety. Others also like DNA vaccines and combined multivalent vaccines targeting highly prevalent App serotypes and integrating with other pathogen antigenic preparations, becoming a modern strategy focused on enhancing cross-server protection, minimizing side effects, and allowing DIVA(differentiating infected from vaccinating animals) capability.
Keywords: Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, vaccine development, toxins, Virulencefactors, immune protection
Received: 12 Jun 2025; Accepted: 27 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chu, Lei, Tesfaye, Rui, Zhengyu, Liuchao, Jiayao and Pengcheng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yuefeng Chu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Fu Lei, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.