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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649046

This article is part of the Research TopicAutoimmune Diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapy developmentView all 21 articles

STING Pathways and Sjögren's Syndrome: Exploration from Mechanism to Treatment

Provisionally accepted
Yuxiu KaYuxiu Ka1Yihua FanYihua Fan2Wei LiuWei Liu3*Aihua WangAihua Wang4Wen WangWen Wang1Gesang YuzhenGesang Yuzhen1Jingyi ZhangJingyi Zhang1Xiaoge YaoXiaoge Yao1Xueying LinXueying Lin1Yuanhao WuYuanhao Wu1
  • 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
  • 2Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
  • 3First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, China
  • 4Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China

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Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal lymphocyte proliferation and progressive exocrine gland dysfunction. The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathways, as an important intracellular immune hub, overactivation can drive abnormally high expression of type I interferon and induce inflammatory cell infiltration, which is considered an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of SS. However, currently there is limited clinical evidence for direct activation of STING in human SS, and its tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in target organs also need to be further elucidated. Based on this, STING pathway inhibitors have shown potential value in treating SS. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms of the STING pathways in the pathogenesis of SS, explores its feasibility as a therapeutic target, and provides new evidence and ideas for precision treatment of SS.

Keywords: Sjögren's syndrome, STING pathways, CGAS, STING inhibitor, review

Received: 18 Jun 2025; Accepted: 29 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Ka, Fan, Liu, Wang, Wang, Yuzhen, Zhang, Yao, Lin and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Wei Liu, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material