REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Autoinflammatory Disorders
Experimental Animal Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: One-hit And Two-hit Establishment Application
Provisionally accepted
Jun He*
Yue ZhaoXin Li
Yanhua Ou
Xiang-Ran CaiWeijian HuangShuhua HeSisi Liang
Ning WangLinliang Song
Meixia Fang
Haitao Niu*- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex syndrome with multiple risk factors that can lead to acute respiratory failure and, in turn, high morbidity and mortality. To clarify the syndrome's underlying pathomechanisms and develop novel therapies, we have summarized and analyzed a series of chief cause-induced animal models of ARDS. Aim: Although various animal models have been developed to represent the traits of human ARDS based on clinical symptoms and the yardstick of positive clinical trials, each model has unique features that reflect only part of the characteristics modeled. In response, this review aims to investigate characteristics of ARDS in current animal models and offers new strategies and insights for developing animal models aimed at capturing the features of human ARDS. Key scientific concepts: This review summarizes the physiological characteristics of animals used in models of ARDS and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the chief cause-induced models for modeling human ARDS in animals, for results that can inform the establishment, assessment, and experimental study of ARDS in animal models.
Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Animals models, Modelingdesign and assessment, One-hit, Two-hit, animal model, modeling design andassessment
Received: 18 Jun 2025; Accepted: 24 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 He, Zhao, Li, Ou, Cai, Huang, He, Liang, Wang, Song, Fang and Niu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jun He
Haitao Niu
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