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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649708

Clinical value at baseline and follow-up of myeloperoxidase-antibodies in ANCA-associated vasculitis

Provisionally accepted
Gabriel  BossanGabriel Bossan1*Florence  RoufosseFlorence Roufosse1Frederic  VandergheynstFrederic Vandergheynst1Julie  SmetJulie Smet2Elie  CoganElie Cogan3Benoit  VokaerBenoit Vokaer1
  • 1Hopital Erasme Medecine interne, Brussels, Belgium
  • 2Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
  • 3CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are potentially organ-or life-threatening disorders that can cause irreversible damage if treatment is not started in time. The course of the disease may vary once remission has been achieved, with some patients experiencing relapses while others remain in sustained remission. The predictive value of PR3-ANCA for clinical deterioration is well established. However, limited data regarding MPO-ANCA, which has primarily been studied in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is less clear. This study aims to further clarify the role of MPO-ANCA in predicting relapse.We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients for whom positive MPO-ANCA serology was reported by our academic laboratory between 2014 and 2024. We included patients who fulfilled the classification criteria for AAV and experienced remission.Remission was defined as a BVAS score of 0 and a prednisone-equivalent dose of less than 7.5 mg/day. We analyzed the impact of MPO-ANCA status (at diagnosis and over time) on the occurrence of relapse separately in patients with EGPA and patients with GPA/MPA. Relapse was defined as a BVAS score of 1 or higher.A total of 73 patients were included in the study, comprising 22 with EGPA and 51 with GPA/MPA. During follow-up (median 7 and 10yr, respectively), 10 EGPA and 19 GPA/MPA patients experienced a relapse. Baseline MPO-ANCA levels and eosinophil counts at diagnosis were not associated with the risk of relapse. However, an increase in MPO-ANCA levels during follow-up was significantly associated with clinical deterioration in both disease subgroups (positive predictive value 83% in EGPA, 79% in GPA/MPA; p = 0.0001). Median interval between an increase in MPO-ANCA levels and relapse was 3.6 ± 2.1 months and 4.6 ± 3.4 months, respectively. The initial pattern of organ involvement was a good predictor of the nature of disease manifestations at relapse. No relapses were observed in patients whose MPO-ANCA disappeared and remained negative (negative predictive value = 100%).Regardless of AAV subtype, an increase in MPO-ANCA levels was associated with clinical deterioration. This study suggests that monitoring MPO-ANCA levels in AAV patients in remission could help clinicians to tailor therapy more effectively.

Keywords: ANCA-associated vasculitis, MPO-ANCA, relapse, Predictive Value, Treatment adjustment

Received: 18 Jun 2025; Accepted: 04 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Bossan, Roufosse, Vandergheynst, Smet, Cogan and Vokaer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Gabriel Bossan, Hopital Erasme Medecine interne, Brussels, Belgium

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