ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Insights into Inflammation Driven Autoimmune Skin Disorders: Trends and ChallengesView all 17 articles
Burden of Immune-Mediated Skin Disease Worldwide, 1991-2021: Insights and prediction from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- 2The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- 3Department of Burns and Plastic, Dazhou Central Hospital, Zunyi, China
- 4The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
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Immune-mediated skin diseases-dermatitis, urticaria, alopecia areata, and psoriasis-are common, chronic, and burdensome. They affect millions worldwide, causing physical and psychological distress.Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and ASRs of four skin diseases (dermatitis, urticaria, alopecia areata, psoriasis) across countries/regions . ARIMA models were used to assess trends and predict the 2035 prevalence.Global prevalence: Dermatitis had the highest ASPR (3052.55/100,000), followed by psoriasis (544.69), urticaria (842.49), and alopecia areata (222.09). High-SDI regions (e.g., North America, high-income Asia Pacific) showed significantly higher rates than low-SDI areas. Trends (1991Trends ( -2021) ) : Dermatitis and psoriasis increased (EAPC: dermatitis -0.155; psoriasis 0.24), urticaria was stable (EAPC 0.01), and alopecia areata declined (EAPC -0.127). Age distribution: Dermatitis/urticaria peaked in children, alopecia areata in adulthood, and psoriasis in middle age. Sex disparity: Females had higher prevalence than males (dermatitis: 3362.09 vs. 2795.08; alopecia areata: 280.23 vs.149.54， sex ratio 1.87:1). Projections ( 2035): Psoriasis will rise to 555.40/100,000, dermatitis/alopecia areata decline, and urticaria increase slowly.Skin diseases burden varied by SDI and sex, influenced by development, diagnostics, and environment. High-SDI regions need psoriasis control; low-SDI areas require better surveillance and improved diagnosis. Findings support targeted prevention strategies.
Keywords: immune-mediated skin diseases, Global burden of disease, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Dermatitis, Urticaria, Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis
Received: 18 Jul 2025; Accepted: 27 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Qi, Leng, Gong and Wei. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ping Qi, 810578677@qq.com
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