MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. T Cell Biology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1675114
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Treg Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Review SeriesView all 7 articles
Regulatory T Cell Therapies: From Patient Data to Biological Insights
Provisionally accepted
- 1Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- 2Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapies are emerging as powerful tools for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, preventing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and promoting organ transplant tolerance. Building on the identification of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing Tregs as a correlate of poor patient outcomes in CD19-CAR T cell therapy, this review examines strategies for learning from clinical samples and data to improve Treg therapies. We highlight current and next-generation Treg modalities, including polyclonal, antigen-specific, converted, TCR-engineered, and CAR-engineered Tregs, provide a comprehensive overview of Treg clinical trials, and evaluate the evolving toolkit for in vivo Treg monitoring. Emphasis is placed on advanced immunomonitoring technologies, such as single-cell multi-omic profiling, epigenetic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics, which enable precise characterization of Treg persistence, function, and lineage stability. By integrating insights from adoptive T cell therapies and cutting-edge multi-omic platforms, this review outlines how Treg therapies can be optimized as "living drugs" capable of establishing immune tolerance across diverse clinical contexts.
Keywords: Treg, Regulatory T Cell, Autoimmunity, Transplantation, GvHD, T cell therapy, Immune Tolerance
Received: 28 Jul 2025; Accepted: 10 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Rodrigues, Eggenhuizen, Bacchetta and Good. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zinaida Good, zinaida@stanford.edu
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