PERSPECTIVE article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1675411
A Novel Multi-layered Immune Structural Model for Peripheral Blood Immune Scoring in Cancer Patients: Perspective and Hypothesis
Provisionally accepted
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Accurately assessing and quantifying immune competence in cancer patients remains a major challenge in tumor immunology. Traditional intratumoral immune profiling, such as tissue pathology and tissue-based cytometry techniques, faces significant challenges due to difficulties in tissue sampling, spatial heterogeneity, and technical limitations. In contrast, peripheral blood immune profiling is a more practical and reproducible approach, providing valuable insights into systemic immune status. This article introduces a novel immune structural model, inspired by protein structural hierarchy, to classify immune components into three hierarchical levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary immune structures. We hypothesize that this model can provide a systematic framework for constructing an immune scoring system (ISS) that integrates multi-dimensional immune information from flow cytometry, cytokine profiling, and immune checkpoint molecule assessments. The proposed model offers a new way to assess immune status and could serve as a valuable tool for clinical personalized treatment and prognostic evaluation.
Keywords: Peripheral blood immune profiling, immune structural model, immune scoring system, Tumor immune microenvironment, immunotherapy biomarkers
Received: 29 Jul 2025; Accepted: 16 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hao Jin, haojin1031@126.com
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