ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Immunological Tolerance and Regulation
Multiple Tail Vein Injections of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Allergic Rhinitis in Mice: Superior Efficacy of Prolonged Regimens
Provisionally accepted
Yutong Xie1,2
Jiacheng Zhang2
Wenhan Yang2
Zhi Yu Pan2Lian Wang2Ju Lai2Kai Fan2Yalei Dai1,2Keqiang Zuo3*Fei He3*
Zhengliang Gao2*
Shaoqing Yu2*- 1Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- 2Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- 3Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Background: Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), showing broad anti allergic effects in type 2 inflammation. Their systemic efficacy in allergic rhinitis (AR) is not well defined. In this study, we tested whether prolonged and repeated ADSC delivery improves outcomes in the AR mouse model. Methods: An ovalbumin (OVA) induced AR mouse model was established. Mice were divided into three groups: a control group, an AR model group, and an ADSC treatment group. Each group was administered phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or ADSCs via tail vein infusion during defined treatment phases. Symptom severity including nasal scratching and sneezing was recorded before and after treatment. Nasal mucosal pathology and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at the same time points. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the therapeutic efficacy index (TEI). Results: Systemic tail vein injection of ADSCs significantly attenuated AR symptoms and nasal inflammation. Treated mice exhibited decreased frequencies of nasal scratching and sneezing. Consistently, serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were also reduced. Concurrently, both transcriptional and cytokine profiling indicated an increased ratio of T helper 1 (Th1) to T helper 2 (Th2) related cytokines, indicating restoration of immune balance. Besides, long-term (4-weeks) ADSC therapy with multi-injection yielded superior efficacy over short-term (1-week and 2-weeks) regimens in therapeutic efficacy index (TEI) analysis. Conclusion: Systemic ADSC delivery through the tail vein alleviated AR in mice. Extended multi-injection schedules produced greater benefit. ADSCs represent a promising systemic immunomodulatory therapy for AR, with enhanced efficacy under longer treatment cycles.
Keywords: allergic rhinitis, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Tail veininjection, Ovalbumin-induced murine, Immunomodulation, therapeutic efficacy
Received: 03 Aug 2025; Accepted: 07 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xie, Zhang, Yang, Pan, Wang, Lai, Fan, Dai, Zuo, He, Gao and Yu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Keqiang Zuo, 1805100@tongji.edu.cn
Fei He, dr_feihe@henu.edu.cn
Zhengliang Gao, zhengliang_gao@shu.edu.cn
Shaoqing Yu, yu_shaoqing@163.com
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