REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Nutritional Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1703672
Flavonoids as Immunoregulators: Molecular Mechanisms in Regulating Immune Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications in Inflammatory Diseases
Provisionally accepted
Yingshu Liu1
Ao Jiao2*- 1Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- 2Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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Flavonoids are a vital class of dietary polyphenolic compounds that have attracted considerable attention owing to their powerful immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of flavonoids in regulating immune cells and their therapeutic application in inflammatory diseases. We present an overview of the definition, classification, and dietary sources of flavonoids and detail their regulatory effects on multiple key immune cells, therapeutic potential of flavonoids in various inflammatory diseases, as well as discuss strategies to improve their bioavailability and targeting. Despite the promising immunoregulatory properties of flavonoids, their clinical utilization is impeded by issues such as low bioavailability, considerable interindividual variability, and the absence of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Future research needs to focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms of flavonoids, optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties, and conducting more standardized clinical trials to facilitate the transformation of these natural compounds into standardized immunomodulatory therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Flavonoids, Immunoregulators, immune cells, Inflammatory diseases, molecular mechainsm
Received: 12 Sep 2025; Accepted: 17 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu and Jiao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ao Jiao, jiaoaooreo@qq.com
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