REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Autoinflammatory Disorders
This article is part of the Research TopicBiologics and Targeted Therapies for Autoimmune and Auto-inflammatory Dermatoses: Balancing Efficacy with Safety and ToxicityView all 6 articles
Research progress on the application of nanobodies in immunity and infectious skin diseases
Provisionally accepted
- The Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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In response to the limitations of traditional therapies for immune and infectious skin diseases in terms of tissue penetration, cost, and drug resistance, nanobodies derived from camelids and containing only a single heavy chain variable domain have shown significant advantages: their small molecular weight ensures excellent skin penetration ability, the extended CDR3 domain enables precise targeting of hidden epitopes, and they have excellent stability (tolerance to extreme pH, temperature, protease) and low-cost production potential. In the treatment of immune skin diseases, nanobodies effectively synergistically block key inflammatory pathways through multivalent/multispecific design, demonstrating deep therapeutic effects beyond some traditional therapies in areas such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. In the field of infectious skin diseases, it effectively blocks the process of pathogen infection by efficiently neutralizing key virulence factors (such as invasion proteins, adhesion factors, toxins) of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, and has the potential to serve as a highly specific diagnostic tool. Future research and development will focus on multi-target optimization, artificial intelligence assisted design, new transdermal/long-acting delivery systems, and precision medicine strategies, promoting nanobodies as an efficient and precise solution to revolutionize the treatment of skin diseases.
Keywords: Nanobody, Psoriasis, Single-domain antibody, immune-related skin diseases, Infectiousskin diseases
Received: 15 Sep 2025; Accepted: 27 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Qiu, Hu and Tao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Fengming Hu
Xiaohua Tao
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