ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
This article is part of the Research TopicEvolving paradigms: IL-5's role in eosinophilic pathologies and targeted treatmentsView all 5 articles
Gene Expression Analysis of Interleukin-5 Receptor Alpha (IL-5Rα) in Patients with Allergic Airway Diseases: A Case-Control Study Using Real-Time PCR
Provisionally accepted
- University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Background: The interleukin-5 receptor alpha (IL-5Rα) plays a pivotal role in regulating eosinophils and allergic inflammation in the respiratory tract, and understanding its gene expression levels may provide insights into disease mechanisms and treatment. Objective: This study aimed to measure IL-5Rα gene expression levels using qRT-PCR in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma compared to healthy controls. Methods: The study included 120 participants (40 healthy individuals, 40 with allergic rhinitis, and 40 with allergic asthma). Blood samples were collected, RNA was extracted, and gene expression was measured using SYBR Green-based qRT-PCR with the β-actin gene as an internal reference gene. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the groups. Results: The results showed a significant increase in IL-5Rα gene expression in patients with allergic asthma (3.2 ± 1.4-fold, p < 0.001) and allergic rhinitis (2.8 ± 1.2-fold, p < 0.001) compared to healthy individuals. A strong positive correlation was also found between gene expression levels and peripheral blood eosinophil count and total IgE levels (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between asthma and allergic rhinitis (p = 0.342). Conclusion: These results indicate a significant increase in IL-5Rα gene expression in patients with allergic airway diseases, supporting its consideration as a biomarker of diagnostic value and a potential therapeutic target in anti-IL-5 therapies.
Keywords: IL-5Rα, Allergic Asthma, allergic rhinitis, Gene Expression, qRT-PCR, Eosinophilia
Received: 08 Nov 2025; Accepted: 24 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Kadhom. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mervat kamel Kadhom
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