ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Terrestrial Microbiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1614252
Candidate avirulent effector Protein 2565 reduces clubroot incidence via rhizosphere microbiome restructuring and root exudate modulation
Provisionally accepted
DianDong WANG1
Jingjing Liao1,2
Jia Yu Shi1
Zhaoming Cai1
Luyun Luo1Tai Lin Chen1Yi Xi Zhang1
Liang Xue Tian3*- 1Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
- 2Yangtze, Chongqing, China
- 3Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, China
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Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida) is difficult to control. Avirulent effector proteins can trigger plant immunity to fight pathogens, which exhibits promising propect for managing this disease. Building on our earlier discovery that candidate avirulent effector protein 2565 reduces clubroot, this study used high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the mechanisms at the microbiome and metabolome levels. Results showed that protein 2565 changed the beta diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities and increased the abundance of Paenibacillus and Terrabacter. Additionally, this protein modified root exudates, leading to higher levels of disease-resistant metabolites like geniposidic acid and 8-hydroxyluteolin glucuronide. The close connection between microbial changes and metabolite shifts was confirmed by Procrustes analysis (M²=0.300, p=0.001), indicating that protein 2565 both alters the root exudates and rhizosphere bacterial community to enhance plant defenses. Our findings highlight the potential of avirulent effectors in sustainable disease management through metabolic-microbial interaction.
Keywords: Tumorous stem mustard, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Candidate avirulence effector, Rhizosphere microbiome, root exudate
Received: 18 Apr 2025; Accepted: 12 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 WANG, Liao, Shi, Cai, Luo, Chen, Zhang and Tian. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Liang Xue Tian, Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, China
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