ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microorganisms in Vertebrate Digestive Systems
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1656100
Ellagic acid on milk production performance, blood and milk hormones, antioxidant capacity and fecal microbial communities in lactating Yili mares
Provisionally accepted
- 1Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
- 2General Animal Husbandry Station of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining, China
- 3General Animal Husbandry Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- 4Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Microbiology, Urumqi, China
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Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol, exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in humans and other animals, while contributing to intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This study investigated the impact of EA supplementation on milk production, hormone secretion, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiota in lactating Yili mares. Eighteen lactating Yili mares with an average body weight of 400.06±15.01 kg, age of 9.89±0.83 years, with similar parity (5-6 foalings) were used in this study. These mares had foaled in May and had been lactating for 30 days at the initiation of the experiment. They were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 6 per group): a control group (CON) receiving no EA supplementation, the EA15 group (15 mg/kg BW/day EA), and the EA30 group (30 mg/kg BW/day EA). The supplementation trial commenced on lactation day 30 (study day 0) and continued for 90 days. By study days 60 and 90, EA supplementation enhanced milk production in lactating mares. On study day 30, serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations were increased in mares in the EA15 group, and milk PRL concentrations were increased in mares in the EA30 group compared to the CON group of mares. Conversely, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and milk growth hormone (GH) concentrations were reduced. Compared to the CON group of mares, mares in the EA15 group had increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and mares in the EA30 group had increased milk superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, while reducing milk total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Supplementation with EA increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriales_Incertae_Sedis, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, and Phoenicibacter in the feces of lactating mares, while decreasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Moraxellaceae, and Acinetobacter. Overall, EA supplementation increases milk production in lactating Yili mares, modulates lactation-associated hormone secretion, improves the body’s antioxidant capacity, and alters the composition of the intestinal microflora. The results suggest potential applications of EA supplementation in equine nutrition strategies aimed at improving lactation performance and antioxidant status during lactation. Future research could focus on optimizing dosage regimens and validating its efficacy in larger-scale production systems to facilitate practical application.
Keywords: Ellagic Acid, Yili mares, Lactation performance, Hormones, antioxidant, Fecal microorganism
Received: 29 Jun 2025; Accepted: 30 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Huang, He, Ma, Li, Li, Zang, Hou and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiao Bin Li, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
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