REVIEW article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microorganisms in Vertebrate Digestive Systems
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1680521
The Gut – Lung Axis in Asthma: Microbiota-Driven Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Provisionally accepted
- Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China
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Abstract Asthma is a multifactorial inflammatory airway disease shaped by complex interactions among host genetics, environmental exposures, and the microbiota. The human body hosts a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, comprising more than 10,000 species that profoundly influence host physiology through the regulation of nutrient metabolism and immune homeostasis. Disruption of this balance, or dysbiosis, contributes to the onset and progression of immune-mediated diseases, including asthma. Asthma is a multifactorial disorder driven by the complex interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, and its heterogeneous phenotypes and severity are increasingly associated with alterations in the microbiota. In particular, the gut–lung axis represents a critical bidirectional pathway through which microbial communities and their metabolites in the gut and airways shape immune responses and respiratory health. This review summarizes current evidence on microbiota-driven mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis, highlights the role of the gut – lung axis in immune regulation, and discusses emerging microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, emphasizing their potential for clinical translation in asthma treatment.
Keywords: Gut Microbiota, Asthma, Gut-Lung Axis, Immunomodulation, Probiotics
Received: 06 Aug 2025; Accepted: 08 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yang, Mao, Wang and Yin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Wei Mao, mw9886-hz@163.com
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