ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microbiological Chemistry and Geomicrobiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1686052
This article is part of the Research TopicMicrobial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, Volume IIIView all 7 articles
The influence of particle activated carbon on heavy metal passivation and antibiotic degradation in various organic fertilizers
Provisionally accepted
- 1Jilin University, Changchun, China
- 2Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Harbin, China
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This study investigated the effects of different particle sizes of activated carbon (small particle activated carbon (S-AC, 2-4 mm), medium particle activated carbon (M-AC, 3-6 mm), and large particle activated carbon (B-AC, 5-8 mm)) on the physicochemical properties of organic fertilizers (chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure), the passivation of heavy metals, and the degradation of antibiotics. The results showed that the addition of particle activated carbon could increase the pH value of organic fertilizers, reduce the cation exchange capacity (CEC) value, and its fragmentation led to an increase in organic matter in organic fertilizers, but had no significant effect on the electrical conductivity (EC) value. The small particle activated carbon (S-AC) had high mechanical strength (compressive strength 4.014 MPa), low loss rate, and high recovery rate, showing the best remediation performance. After adding S-AC, the removal rates of total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in organic fertilizers reached 23.71%-28.57% and 15.41%-17.81% respectively, and the maximum passivation rates of exchangeable fraction Cu and Zn were 61.31% and 29.10%. At the same time, S-AC significantly promoted the degradation of antibiotics, with the degradation rates of tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) reaching 81.38%-85.81% and 76.53%-80.59% within 30 days.
Keywords: Particle activated carbon, Heavy metal passivation, Antibiotic degradation, organic fertilizer, Organic Fertilizers
Received: 14 Aug 2025; Accepted: 01 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chi, Li and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Huai Li, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Harbin, China
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