ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microbe and Virus Interactions with Plants
This article is part of the Research TopicPlant Mineral Microbe Interactions, Vol IIView all 9 articles
Fertilization influences the substrate, rhizosphere, and endosphere bacteriome of Petunia × hybrida
Provisionally accepted
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
- 2Application Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, United States
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In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), soil is replaced with soilless substrates that have poorly understood microbiome dynamics. We investigated the rhizosphere and endosphere bacteriome of Petunia × hybrida 'Picobella Blue' (Picobella) and 'Wave Purple' (Wave) grown in a soilless substrate (80% sphagnum peat and 20% perlite) under three fertilization rates (25, 100, and 200 mg·L–1 N). Plant growth was assessed with the TraitFinder phenotyping platform, shoot dry weight, and nutrient analysis. Bacteriomes were profiled by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing from unplanted substrate, bulk substrate, rhizosphere, and endosphere samples. Both cultivars grew largest and healthiest at 200 mg·L–1 N. Picobella fertilized with 100 and 200 mg·L–1 N were equally green, whereas Wave was greenest at 200 mg·L–1 N. Distinct bacteriomes were observed across unplanted substrate, rhizosphere, and endosphere. In unplanted substrate, fertilizer rate shaped bacterial community composition but not alpha diversity. In the rhizosphere, pH changes driven by fertilization strongly influenced bacterial community structure and reduced diversity. Endosphere and rhizosphere communities were further shaped by cultivar and fertilization rate. These findings highlight nutrient management as a key driver of bacteriome dynamics across the substrate–plant continuum, underscoring the complex interactions between fertilization, plant genotype, and microbial communities in soilless culture.
Keywords: microbiome, ammonium, peat, Floriculture, Controlled environment agriculture, 16S rRNA, Amplicon sequencing
Received: 06 Oct 2025; Accepted: 10 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jones, Quijia-Pillajo, Chapin, Owen Jr. and Altland. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Michelle L Jones, jones.1968@osu.edu
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