MINI REVIEW article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1622571
Neuroinflammation and Nutrition in Alzheimer's Disease
Provisionally accepted
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, United States
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The brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons and over 200 billion glial cells, which are integral to the neuronal networks that support normal brain function in the central nervous system. The complexity of the brain makes the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disease particularly challenging. Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. Dementia refers to a decline in memory and thinking ability, affecting approximately 55 million people worldwide. Owing to the association of multiple factors, including amyloid-β plaque, tau-fibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, nutritional defects, and genetic mutations, the exact cause of the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, remains elusive. These multiple factors may cause damage to neurons and glial cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Very few therapeutics are available for neurodegenerative diseases due to the limited understanding of their pathogenesis, resulting in the lack of biomarkers and drug targets. Recent attention has shifted towards addressing modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diets and lifestyles to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Unhealthy diets that consist of saturated fatty acids and refined sugars, with other multiple risk factors, increase neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, furthering cognitive decline and progression of neurodegeneration. Mitigating these risk factors with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory-based nutrition, and multidomain lifestyle intervention, which may include physical exercise, cognitive stimulation, and social engagement, may delay the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. In this review, we focus on the role of neuroinflammation in contributing to neurodegeneration and dietary influence in Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords: neuroinflammation1, Alzheimer's Disease2, Microglia3, Diet4, Short chain fatty acids5, neurodegeneration6
Received: 03 May 2025; Accepted: 14 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Park, Ni and Le. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hyoungshin Park, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, United States
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.