Gait Dynamics and Brain Function Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease with Freezing of Gait: A Clinical Study Based on Resting-State Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Wearable Devices

Xiao hong Li¹Meng di Hou²Yan Qu³Yuan Huo³Shu ting Liu³Ming hui Ma³Zhanhua Liang^1*

• ¹First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
• ²Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
• ³Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated freezing of gait (FoG) (PDFoG) refers to episodes where patients feel the urge to move but experience temporary immobility or markedly shortened steps. This leads to frequent falls and, eventually, the loss of walking ability, severely affecting patient quality of life and life expectancy. Despite its clinical importance, the neural mechanisms underlying PDFoG remain unclear. METHODS: This study sought to characterize abnormal neural activity in PDFoG by assessing regional brain activity using ALFF, fALFF, PerAF, and wavelet-ALFF across three frequency bands (conventional, slow-5, and slow-4). PDFoG patients were compared to PD patients without FoG (PDnFoG) and healthy controls. Clinical evaluations included standard assessment scales, such as the FOG-Q and MDS-UPDRS III, alongside a wearable sensor-based gait assessment system. RESULTS: We found that PD patients with FoG experienced more extensive changes in regional brain activity than those without FoG, primarily affecting cortical regions and the cerebellum. Conversely, PDnFoG patients primarily showed reduced activity in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the need to further explore the roles of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in PDFoG pathophysiology.