REVIEW article
Front. Neurosci.
Sec. Neurodegeneration
Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1579511
This article is part of the Research TopicThe role of inflammatory processes in neurodegeneration: cellular, tissue and systemic mechanismsView all 4 articles
Comparative Analysis of Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis: Insights into Similarities and Distinctions
Provisionally accepted
- 1Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- 2Dementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to the significant socioeconomic burden due to aging society, are gaining increasing interest. Despite each disease having different etiologies, neuroinflammation is believed to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition to the pathogenic function of inflammation in the brain there is growing evidence that immune responses are essential for neuroregeneration. This review compares and contrasts the neuroinflammatory pathways that selected neurodegenerative diseases share and have in common. In AD, tau tangles and beta-amyloid plaques cause microglia and astrocytes to become activated in an inflammatory response. Alpha-synuclein aggregation stimulate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease, especially in the substantia nigra. In Multiple Sclerosis an autoimmune attack on myelin is connected to inflammation via invading immune cells. Commonalities include the release of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines and activation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Comprehending these common routes is essential for discovering early diagnostic possibilities for the diseases and possible tailored treatments. Our work underscores the potential for insights into disease mechanisms. Identifying common targets offers promise for advancing our understanding and potential future treatment approaches across these debilitating disorders.
Keywords: neurodegeneration1, Neuroinflammation2, Alzheimer's disease3, Parkinson's disease4, Multiple Sclerosis5. (Min.5-Max. 8
Received: 31 Mar 2025; Accepted: 15 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Doroszkiewicz, Winkel and Mroczko. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Julia Doroszkiewicz, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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