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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Neurosci.

Sec. Neuroendocrine Science

Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1629357

This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances of lipid metabolism in neurological diseases and mental disordersView all 9 articles

Prediction of apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the neurological impairment and relapse of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Provisionally accepted
Yanyan  WangYanyan Wang1Feng  WangFeng Wang2TENG  HUANGTENG HUANG3Ziling  ZengZiling Zeng4Li  JiaoLi Jiao4Hao  SunHao Sun5Xiaoyu  ZhangXiaoyu Zhang4Baojie  WangBaojie Wang4Rujia  LiuRujia Liu6Shougang  GuoShougang Guo4*
  • 1Department of Neurology,Shandong Provincial Hospital,Shandong University, Jinan City, China
  • 2Department of Neurology,Rongcheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Weihai, China
  • 3Department of Neurology,Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan City, China
  • 4Department of Neurology,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, China
  • 5Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
  • 6Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background and purpose:Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, frequently resulting in irreversible neurological deficits such as blindness and paralysis.Emerging evidence suggests that dyslipidemia is associated with increased disability and poorer outcomes in autoimmune diseases. The purpose of the study is to investigate the associations between lipid profile with neurological impairment and relapse.Methods:This study retrospectively collected data from 130 hospitalized patients with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD.Based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at admission, patients were categorized into a mild-to-moderate group (EDSS ≤ 2 5.5) and a severe group (EDSS ≥ 6). All included patients were followed for at least one year, and were further divided into relapse and non-relapse groups based on whether a relapse occurred during the follow-up period. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with the severity of neurological impairment and relapse. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the cutoff value of apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA-I) in predicting severe neurological impairment. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships among ApoA-I, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and CRP.Resulets:Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that ApoA-Iand the number of spinal cord lesion segments were independent risk factors for the severity of neurological impairment.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for ApoA-I in predicting the severity of neurological impairment was 0.647 (95% CI: 0.542-0.751), with a cutoff value of 1.165.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified HDL-C ,clinical phenotype-specifically, compared to optic neuritis, myelitis -as well as the use of subsequent monoclonal antibody therapy as independent protective factors against relapse.Spearman correlation analysis showed that ApoA-I and HDL-C were significantly negatively correlated with CRP (r = -0.230, P = 0.008; r = -0.310, P < 0.001, respectively).Reduced levels of ApoA-I and HDL-C were associated with more severe neurological deficits and an increased risk of relapse.

Keywords: NMOSD, ApoA-I, HDL-C, Neurological impairment, relapse

Received: 15 May 2025; Accepted: 01 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Wang, HUANG, Zeng, Jiao, Sun, Zhang, Wang, Liu and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Shougang Guo, Department of Neurology,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, China

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