ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurosci.
Sec. Brain Imaging Methods
Validation of Neuphony 8-channel EEG flex cap: A comparative study with Biosemi 64-channel EEG system
Provisionally accepted
- 1Centre of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allhabad, Prayagraj, India
- 2Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Background: While portable EEG systems offer improved accessibility, many rely on electrode caps or extensive electrode arrays, which limit ease of use and portability in applied settings. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the 8-channel wearable Neuphony EEG flex cap can reliably capture key event-related potential (ERP) components such as P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), while also providing robust measures of continuous EEG activity. Methods: This study involved 25 healthy participants, with an average age of 19.72 ± 0.8 years. EEG recordings were obtained using the Neuphony Flex Cap and BioSemi system while subjects engaged in the following tasks: resting state, auditory oddball, and visual discrimination tasks. Participants were instructed to keep their eyes open and concentrate on a cross during the resting state recording. Two distinct sound tones were played during the auditory oddball task to elicit P300 and MMN responses. For the visual discrimination task, participants were asked to respond upon seeing either an M or a W among distractors. Accuracy and reaction times were recorded for both tasks. Results: We evaluated the average relative PSD of the Neuphony EEG flex cap and BioSemi Active Two system across the entire frequency range (1–30 Hz), revealing a significant difference in the 8 to 13 Hz band. A repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of device for P300 amplitude [F (1,24) = 271.59, p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.919] and P300 latency [F (1,24) = 8298.6, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.997] reflecting overall differences in recording between devices. Similarly for Late Positive Complex (LPC), a repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant main effect of device for amplitude [F (1,24) = 16.44, p = 0.00046, partial η² = 0.406] and latency [F (1, 24) = 7094.90, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.997]. Discussion: This research showed that fair-quality EEG data can be obtained using the Neuphony EEG flex cap. However, the 8–13 Hz frequency band and event-related peaks displayed variability. ERPs were comparable across devices, with a slight, consistent delay in the 8-channel Neuphony cap, likely due to Bluetooth transmission.
Keywords: Attention, EEG, ERP, Signal quality, Validation, wearable
Received: 22 Jul 2025; Accepted: 28 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Rani, Singh and Mishra. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Amrendra Singh
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