Toward a New Paradigm of Convergence in Lobby-State Interactions: Global Challenges, Communication, and Transparency

Antonio Castillo-Esparcia¹Ana Almansa-Martínez²Álvaro Serna-Ortega^2*

• ¹University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
• ²University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain

As decision-making processes and institutional structures have become more complex, lobbies have gained social relevance. Their role in the governance approach, as well as the strategies they use to exert influence, are constantly changing and require ongoing adaptation to the environment in which they operate. With this in mind, this theoretical article aims to explore the current paradigm of interactions between lobbying groups and the state. To achieve this objective, a systematic literature review is conducted, focusing on the conceptualization, characterization, and classification of these entities, while considering the evolution and changes over time as key factors in evaluating trends in contact with decision-makers. Overall, the dynamic nature of lobbies is highlighted, both in their organizational structure and modes of operation. Additionally, it is noted that the turbulent sociopolitical context of recent years has led to changes in social issues and how they are perceived by the public. From the authors' perspective, these developments have fostered a convergence of public and private interests, giving rise to a new landscape in lobby-state interactions. Illustrative areas where this convergence is particularly evident include climate policy, technological governance, public health, and international trade, among others.