Boko Haram and Niger Delta Avengers: Unravelling the Greed-Need-Creed Spectrum in Nigeria's Security-Development Nexus

James Ojochenemi David^*

• University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

This study examines the security-development nexus in Nigeria by analyzing the motivations and impacts of two major insurgent groups: Boko Haram and the Niger Delta Avengers. It aims to provide insights into how underlying socioeconomic and ideological factors contribute to these conflicts and hinder sustainable peace. The research employs the "Greed, Need, and Creed Spectrum" framework to dissect the socioeconomic drivers, materialistic incentives, and ideological motivations of the insurgent groups. A qualitative approach is used, incorporating secondary data sources and thematic analysis. The study identifies a complex interplay between economic inequality, underdevelopment, governance deficits, and conflict dynamics. It reveals that socioeconomic deprivation and grievances are significant drivers of insurgency. The role of greed (material gains) and religious ideology (creed) further exacerbate these challenges. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions prioritizing good governance, economic development, and reducing inequality to address the root causes of conflict. Effective diplomacy and governance strategies are also highlighted as essential for achieving long-term peace and stability. By applying the "Greed, Need, and Creed Spectrum," this study offers a nuanced perspective on Nigeria's insurgencies. It provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in crafting integrated strategies to tackle insecurity and promote development.