ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Polit. Sci.
Sec. Politics of Technology
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpos.2025.1675963
This article is part of the Research TopicChemical and Biological WeaponsView all 5 articles
The Biological Weapons Paradox: Will Scientific Advances Result in a New Arms Race?
Provisionally accepted
- 1Crossbow Analytics, Cave Creek, Arizona, United States
- 2Independent Researcher, Arlington, Virginia, United States
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This article considers the impact of advances in the biological sciences and related fields on the international system by considering the prospects that such developments will induce countries to adopt biological weapons and spark a biological weapons arms race. As such, it considers the relative importance of technological factors compared with other considerations (such as military utility and bureaucratic factors) in determining weapons system adoption.
Keywords: biological weapons, Biological Warfare, biological weapons proliferation, arms race dynamics, Technological determinism
Received: 29 Jul 2025; Accepted: 01 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cross and Carus. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Glenn A. Cross, crossbowanalytics@gmail.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.