Contemporary Strategies of Women Activists in the Gender Equality Movement in Central Asia

Laura Toktarbekova¹Natalya Seitakhmetova¹Almasbek Shagyrbay^2*Islambek Parkhatzhan³

• ¹Institute of Philosophy Political Science and Religious Studies, Almaty, Kazakhstan
• ²Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religion, Almaty, Kazakhstan
• ³Makan Esbolatov Almaty Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Movements for gender equality in Muslim countries represent a significant aspect of social progress. These movements not only strengthen women's position in society but also foster a broader understanding of human rights within the context of cultural and religious traditions. Research on this topic reveals unique strategies and approaches that can be applied to achieve equality in other regions of the world. The present study aims to identify and analyze the novel strategies employed by women activists in the gender equality movement across Central Asian countries. Data were collected through online surveys, content analysis, and ANOVA. The findings provide new insights into the contemporary approaches utilized by gender equality activists in Central Asia. Using Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as case studies, the study identified positive changes in gender relations. In Uzbekistan, the proportion of women in the local parliament increased to 30.8%. The figure was 18.8% in Kyrgyzstan, 12% in Tajikistan, and 9% in Kazakhstan. In Turkmenistan, the indicator has remained virtually unchanged, standing at 25.6% in 2024, which is 0.4% lower than in 2000. A comparison of women's participation in the economy and politics of these countries revealed certain trends and disparities. The data demonstrate that the representation of women in local politics does not always correspond to their participation in leading economic positions. For instance, the highest numbers of women in business leadership roles are observed in Kazakhstan (31.1%) and Kyrgyzstan (21.7%). This contrasts with the regional average of 17.3% for Europe & Central Asia and 18.6% for OECD countries. These results show that contemporary women activists actively employ novel approaches, including social media engagement and cross-cultural alliance building, to promote their ideas and draw attention to issues of inequality. Their efforts and recommendations contribute to the formation of a more inclusive public discourse and a shift in the perception of gender roles within society. An important factor in overcoming gender inequality involves improving women's access to education and enhancing their financial independence.