ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sens.
Sec. Sensor Devices
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsens.2025.1650004
This article is part of the Research TopicEngineered 2D Nanomaterial based Diagnostic Platforms for Human Disease DetectionView all articles
Electrooxidation of Dopamine Using MoS₂-Ag Conductive Ink on Screen-Printed Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Provisionally accepted
- 1DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Sensor Division, Makhanda, South Africa
- 2Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract: Abnormal dopamine (DA) levels in the human body are associated with severe health conditions, making their accurate detection crucial for early diagnosis and monitoring. Therefore, the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for DA detection is of significant importance in physiological, biochemical, pharmaceutical, and medical applications. In this study, screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were fabricated using MoS₂-based conductive inks containing varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to enhance electrocatalytic activity. The ink composition included ethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as binders, providing structural integrity and adhesion, while terpineol was used as the solvent to achieve the desired viscosity for smooth and consistent printing. The printed electrodes underwent comprehensive electrochemical characterization to assess their performance, including stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the SPCE/MoS₂-Ag,4 electrode exhibited the best sensing characteristics due to the optimized interaction between MoS₂ and Ag NPs, which facilitated improved electron transfer and enhanced detection capability. The electroanalytical performance of the sensors was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. The SPCE/MoS₂-Ag,4 sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range from 0.01 to 0.08 mM and an exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.017 μM for DA. Additionally, the sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, high sensitivity, and strong selectivity, making it a promising candidate for reliable dopamine detection in biomedical and clinical applications.
Keywords: Molybdenum disulfide, silver nanoparticles, Dopamine, conductive ink, electrochemical sensor
Received: 19 Jun 2025; Accepted: 06 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Mphuthi, Sikhwivhilu, Sinha Ray and Ntsendwana. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ntsoaki Mphuthi, ntsoakim@mintek.co.za
Lucky Mashudu Sikhwivhilu, luckys@mintek.co.za
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